IT MUST BE WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD COVERED BY YOUR U.S. HISTORY COURSE( Essay

IT MUST BE WITHIN THE TIME PERIOD COVERED BY YOUR U.S. HISTORY COURSE( FROM 1877 TO THE PRESENT) - Essay Example ed, another plane smashed into the west side wing of the Pentagon, the American military nerve centre within an hour after the first attack in New York. As all this happened, another plane was high jacked at an airport in California with 45 passengers on board; it later crashes in a farm in Pennsylvania. An estimated 3000 people died in the New York attacks with the pentagon losing 125 military officers and 64 passengers aboard the high-jacked plane (www.history.com). The president at the time, George W. Bush, later addressed America and the world from his oval office, recounted the day’s events, and reminded the world that America could not watch as terrorisms reigned over its soil. He concluded his speech with a declaration that the American military will take action in dealing with not only the terrorists, but also their masters. This was the beginning of what would later be known as the War on Terror that would last years, cost billions of dollars, American and foreign lives, and cause a shift in America’s foreign policy and well the world opinion of the United States. Following the September 11 attacks, America declared war on al-Qaeda and decided to take the battle to their stronghold of Afghanistan. The alleged mastermind of these attacks was Osama bin Laden, a Saudi born fugitive living in Afghanistan and fully supported by the Taliban government that was the authority of the day at the time in Afghanistan. This war, initially intended to last just a few weeks if not months, later took years and is to this day yet to be wound up, finally becoming the undoing of the American government under the leadership of President Bush. The objective was to capture Osama bin Laden, something that never happened until his death in 2011 under president Obama. The reason for this failure was what was described as ‘bad intelligence’, as a matter of fact, as the troops moved in the rocky mountains of Afghanistan, it emerged that the alleged complex caves that were

My first college experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My first college experience - Essay Example I was nervous as well as excited about this initiation of this new chapter in my life. I enrolled in college and I adapted to my new surroundings very happily and I have learnt many important things which will be of assistance to me in my future. I took admission in Paris Junior College in Sulphur Springs Texas last semester to follow my dream of becoming a nurse. I was anxious about this new beginning and I thought that things would be really complicated and difficult for me to deal with. I thought that I would face communication problems with my colleagues as I was not aware what kind of language would be used in college. When I joined college, I realized that it was a totally new atmosphere for me and I started liking the new environment that I was in. I tried to grasp as much information as I could from my surroundings. Things were not as difficult as I had expected them to be. I could easily coordinate and communicate with my colleagues and I realized that the college served to provide a very healthy and welcoming atmosphere. Education was my first priority and my entrance into college motivated me further to work hard and give my attention to my studies. I found myself studying in a class amongst students who are much junior to me in age. These teenagers made me realize of my maturity and experience in life. I realized that I held much greater respect for my teachers and there was a strong dedication within me towards my studies. Being in college has made me appreciate the importance that education holds in the life of a person. It has provided me with the satisfaction that I am working towards the achievement of my goal. My first college experience has provided me with a sense of maturity and I realize the importance of knowledge and goals in the life of a person. I study in college and look forward to completing my education in the best possible manner. I am aware of the fact that I

The Lamb and the Tyger Analysis

The Lamb and the Tyger Analysis William Blake was an 18th century visionary, poet, mystic, and artist. Blakes romantic style of writing allowed him to create contrasting views as those in The Lamb and The Tyger. From a young age Blake used his imagination that was frowned upon and unfortunately was never greatly appreciated during his lifetime. William Blake believed that it was the chief function of art to reveal the truth of the spiritual world by liberating imagination (Bowman 53). It wasnt until after Blakes death that his work finally received some attention. Known as a romantic, Blake continued throughout his writing to radically question religion and politics; He was very critical of the church, putting forth the effort to attack and question it. Blake put his own insight into his poems to raise the public awareness in a personal attempt to seek the truth. Perhaps he is most famous for his creative and simplistic Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience that influenced the other Romantic poets with themes of good and evil, heaven and hell, and knowledge and innocence. With regards to religion, William Blake opposed the views of the Christian church and its standardized system. Blake, having more of a spiritual position than a religious one, considered himself as a monistic Gnostic, meaning that he believed what saved a persons soul was not faith but knowledge (Harris 1). Blakes view of religion was considered blasphemous, and in his works he was concerned with the character of individual faith than with the institution of the Church, its role in politics, and its effects on society and the individual mind (SparkNotes Editors 1). Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger is more suggestive to the nature of God. The idea is that the same God who made the lamb also made the tiger, so unless it is suggested that God created evil, then the tiger must not be evil. The fact that the same God created both the lamb and tiger suggest that they just represent two different sides of God: Two different aspects of existence. Blakes perception of good and evil isnt just one extreme to the other, instead, the ambiguity of evil isnt evil; it is just the other side of good. Blake technically didnt believe in a dichotomy, the division into two usually contradictory parts or opinions. Blake portrays his argument that a human being cannot be completely good or completely evil. This trait does not exist within human beings, and therefore does not exist in God. The other writers and minds of the 18th century were mainly deists, the belief based solely on reason. They did not show interest in the nature of God as Blake did, instead, reason was their god. In the poem The Lamb, William Blake incorporates his unique style through the use of religious symbolism, creative lines, and simple patterns. The Lamb was a part of a series of poems called the Songs of Innocence that was published in 1789. Poems that were more simplistic in style and nature became more contrition and prophetic in Songs of Experience. Through simplistic structure, he chose the narrator of a child, as in this poem, told through childlike eyes, speaking of the innocence in all of human life, and that the lamb is Christ, marveling over Gods creations. The dramatic perspectives and continual allusiveness of the lyrics in The Lamb have shown to be a key factor in Blakes writing and have been interpreted and reinterpreted by critics and readers ever since Blakes death. Blake utilizes his rhetoric genius by symbolically expressing the appearance of the lamb to that of the nature of God. Within the poem, Blake brings up an interesting concept by stating, He is called by thy name / For he calls himself a Lamb, the lamb not only suggest innocence and the meaning of life, but at the same time conveys the theme that Christ is the lamb (Blake 662). The poem comments on how he is meek and he is mild, thus giving God the characteristics of goodness and purity (Blake 662). This gives a varying contrast to Blakes poem The Tyger as it advocates the speculation of evil. William Blakes, The Tyger, is the poetic counterpart to the Lamb of Innocence from his previous work, Songs of Innocence, thus creating the expression of innocence versus experience What immortal hand or eye / Dare frame thy fearful symmetry (Blake 770). The Tyger is part of the continued series of lyrics titled Songs of Experience that was published in 1794, as a response to the Songs of Innocence. The Songs of Experience are interpreted as the child, conveyed in Songs of Innocence, matures to adulthood and is molded by the harsh experiences and negative forces that reality has on human life, thus shows the destructiveness of the tiger. Blake utilizes his deceptively complex ideas, symbolism, and his allusiveness to portray the essence of evil in The Tyger. Blake uses tyger instead of tiger because it refers to any kind of wild, ferocious cat. The symbolism of the hammer, chain, furnace, and anvil all portray the image of the blacksmith, one of the main central themes in this poem ( Blake 769). William Blake personifies the blacksmith to God, the creator, and Blake himself. The Tyger is about having your reason overwhelmed at once by the beauty and horror of the natural world (Friedlander 1). When the stars threw down their spears / And waterd heaven with their tears (Blake 770). For Blake, the stars represent cold reason and objective science (Friedlander 1). In retrospect, the creation of the tiger represents transcendent mystery and direct reference to the lamb Did he who made the Lamb make thee (Blake 770). The Lamb and the Tyger are polar opposites of each other, one representing the fear of God and the other representing faith or praise of God through nature. As a child one is more like the lamb, innocent and more pure, and as they mature they earn their stripes and become aged and mature by societal tendencies of life like the tiger. The irony in the Songs of Innocence in contrast with the Songs of Experience is that they are opposites but seem to bounce off one another. They both have the same creator, both God and Blake, and suggest morals of good and evil. They are each on the extreme ends of the spirituality spectrum and in the middle is humanity, but you cant have one without the other. In order to have good you have to balance it out with evil, in a sense where good isnt just good, it is the other side of evil, and where evil is the other side of good.

Internet Telesurgery Saves Lives :: Technology Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Internet Telesurgery Saves Lives People view the Internet generally in two ways either in a positive light or a negative view. What adds fuel to how people feel about the Internet is what they hear about the Internet from the media. Whether they read it in a newspaper, magazine, or hear it on television the media effects how people feel about certain things and this includes their feelings on the Internet. The Internet gets positive coverage from the media whenever it makes life easier or better, by making things more convenient. One positive advancement with Internet technology is the development of telesurgery over recent years. Telesurgery is a way to perform surgical operations without having the doctor in direct contact with the patient during surgery. This is made possible by giving the doctor control of robotic operating tools. The doctor can perform the surgery from almost any distance while the patient receives the surgery from remote control robotic operating instruments. What enables the doctor to control the surgery is a powerful Internet link to connect the doctor to operating tools, monitors, and to communication with other expert doctors. While the patient undergoes the surgery they are not left alone with the robotic instruments they have direct human assistance at the scene of the operation. The surgical assistant is needed to monitor any problems that doctors may miss due to slight delays in Lopez 2 the Internet link. While telesurgery can be used to perform most operations, some common surgeries that telesurgery has been used for are gall bladder removal, appendectomies, and gynecological procedures. This technology has an endless amount of benefits. A patient can receive the operation they need at their local hospitals from the most qualified surgeon in that field of medicine. The ability to operate on people without the doctor being present will enable the medical field to reach farther than it ever has before. With the right link to the telesurgery equipment the Internet is one step closer to having, no boundaries. Surgery can now be performed where doctors may not have the training to perform certain operations. For instance in underdeveloped countries, where the medical standards have not reached the capabilities of industrialized nations. Telesurgery will benefit those who are injured while fighting on the battlefield and are in need of major medical attention. The doctor can provide the injured soldier with the help they need from a safe location without the worry of injury to them self.

Journey to the Dwarf Planet Essay

Pluto is a space object that has been mistaken for a planet and a comet in the past. New evidence has revealed that the previously thought ninth planet of our solar system is actually just an ice-dwarf, and comparable to all other objects in the Kuiper Belt. This paper explores Pluto through the vision of New Horizons, the fastest spacecraft ever launched. This spacecraft would travel to Pluto in approximately nine years and reveal much about the surface of this unusual space object that humanity feels especially attached to, given that it was â€Å"a part of our solar system† for a long time. Using S. Alan Stern’s explanation of the importance of Pluto’s surface – that, in fact, this space object carries essential information about the origins of the solar system – this paper provides a reason for humanity’s interest in the mission to Pluto. It is suggested that Pluto’s environment would provide important clues about the Earth’s environment. And even if it does not, all news is good news in the world of science. It may very well be that the mission to Pluto would teach humanity nothing new, and only renew its appreciation for the living environment of Earth. Perhaps this new awareness and appreciation would somehow help to save the Earth’s environment. JOURNEY TO THE DWARF PLANET Page # 3 Journey to the Dwarf Planet Pluto is only 1413 miles in diameter, with a surface that is believed to be made up of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and water ices. Many of the moons in the solar system are bigger in size than Pluto. Moreover, Pluto is said to have its own satellite, Charon, which may or may not be considered a regular kind of satellite, given that it is almost as big as Pluto (Connor, 2006). According S. Alan Stern (2002), writing for Scientific American, the material on Pluto’s surface may sublimate â€Å"into a rarefied atmosphere when the planet is in the part of its orbit that is closest to the sun. † In addition, scientists believe that Pluto’s surface may be experiencing the eruption of geysers on occasion. Gas and ice may be shooting above the surface of the planet in plumes. Today, we understand that Pluto is a dwarf planet, not a real one. It has been called the ice-dwarf, too, seeing that this space object is far different from the planets in our solar system. The rotation of Pluto, for instance, is in the opposite direction to the rotation of the eight planets we know – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto is most unlike the Earth, which is a rocky planet. It is also unlike the gaseous Jupiter (Connor). Hence, scientists have been wondering about the real nature of Pluto for quite some time. Pluto has been referred to as a comet to boot (Wilker, 2006). It all started only ten years after Pluto was first discovered by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 (Connor). During the 1940s and 1950s, researchers suggested that perhaps Pluto was the brightest of a vast group of icy space objects in the area that it occupies. This JOURNEY TO THE DWARF PLANET Page # 4 concept came to be known as the Kuiper Belt, named after the Dutch-American astronomer, Gerard Kuiper, who was foremost in casting doubts about Pluto’s status in our solar system (Stern). Based on new evidence, scientists have come to the conclusion that the Kuiper Belt contains at least one hundred thousand objects that are larger than 100 kilometers across. In fact, the Kuiper Belt may very well be â€Å"the big brother to the asteroid belt,† writes Stern. This big brother of the asteroid belt has more mass, more objects, including those of larger sizes, and â€Å"a greater supply of ancient, icy and organic material left over from the birth of the solar system. † Stern adds: It is now clear that Pluto is not an anomaly. Instead it lies within a vast swarm of smaller bodies orbiting between about five billion and at least eight billion kilometers from the sun. Because this far-off region may hold important clues to the early development of the solar system, astronomers are keenly interested in learning more about Pluto, its moon, Charon, and the bodies making up the Kuiper Belt. It is not only the astronomers that are interested in learning more about Pluto. Rather, it seems that the entire humanity is longing to find out about its own origins, and how it came to occupy the environment that it lives in today. Given that greater awareness about Pluto and its environment would provide humanity with clues regarding the origin of the Earth’s environment – scientists have worked very hard to reach JOURNEY TO THE DWARF PLANET Page # 5 Pluto somehow. Explaining their efforts in his article, â€Å"Journey to the Farthest Planet,† Stern introduces to the reader the $488 million project called New Horizons. This is a mission established by the Southwest Research Institute, based in San Antonio, Texas, and the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at Johns Hopkins University. New Horizons is further supported by a team of scientists from various universities, research institutes, and NASA centers. The mission is, of course, for humanity to explore Pluto and its so-called â€Å"double,† Charon (Connor). According to Stern, this mission is â€Å"equivalent of conducting an archaeological dig into the history of the outer solar system – a place where researchers can get a valuable glimpse of the long-gone era of planetary formation. †

American Dollar Vs Indian Rupee

Real story of American Dollar v/s Indian Rupee An Advice to all who are worrying about fall of Ind ian Rupee Throughout the country please stop using cars exce pt for emergency for only seven days (Just 7 days) Definitely Dollar rate will come down. This is tru e. The value to dollar is given by petrol only. Thi s is called Derivative Trading. America has stoppe d valuing its Dollar with Gold 70 years ago. Americans understood that Petrol is equally valuab le as Gold so they made Agreement with all the Mid dle East countries to sell petrol in Dollars only.That is why Americans print their Dollar as legal tender for debts. This mean if you don't like the ir American Dollar and go to their Governor and as k for repayment in form of Gold,as in India they w on't give you Gold. You observe Indian Rupee, † I promise to pay the b earer†¦ † is clearly printed along with the signat ure of Reserve Bank Governor. This mean, if you do n't like Indian Rupee and ask for repayment, Reserv e Bank of India will pay you back an equal value o f gold. (Actually there may be minor differences in the Transaction dealing rules, but for easy comprehension I am explaining this) Let us see an example.Indian petroleum minister g oes to Middle East country to purchase petrol, the Middle East petrol bunk people will say that lite r petrol is one Dollar. But Indians won't have dollars. They have Indian R upees. So what to do now? So That Indian Minister will ask America to give Dollars. American Federal Reserve will take a white paper , print Dollars o n it and give it to the Indian Minister. Like this we get dollars , pay it to petrol bunks and buy p etrol. But there is a fraud here.If you change your mind  and want to give back the Dollars to America we c an't demand them to pay Gold in return for the Dol lars. They will say † Have we promised to return s omething back to you? Haven't you checked the Doll ar ? We clearly printed on the Dollar that it is D ebt† So, Americans don't need any Gold with them to pri nt Dollars. They will print Dollars on white paper s as they like. At present the problem of India is the result of b uying those American Dollars.American white paper s are equal to Indian Gold. So if we reduce the co nsumption of petrol and cars, Dollar will come down  And here is a small thing other than petrol , what we can do to our Indian Rupee YOU CAN MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO THE INDIAN ECONOM Y BY FOLLOWING FEW SIMPLE STEPS:Please spare a couple of minutes here for the sake of India. Here's a small example:At 2008 August month 1 US $ = INR Rs 39. 40 At 2013 August now 1 $ = INR Rs 62 Do you think US Economy is booming? No, but Indian Economy is Going Down. Our economy is in your hands. INDIAN economy is in a crisis. Our country like many other ASIAN countr ies, is undergoing a severe economic crunch.Many  INDIAN industries are closing down. The INDIAN eco nomy is in a crisis and if we do not take proper s teps to cont rol those, we will be in a critical si tuation. More than 30,000 crore rupees of foreign exchange are being siphoned out of our country on products such as cosmetics, snacks, tea, beverages , etc. which are grown, produced and consumed here. A cold drink that costs only 70 / 80 paise to prod uce, is sold for Rs. 9 and a major chunk of profits from these are sent abroad. This is a serious dra in on INDIAN economy.We have nothing against Mult  inational companies, but to protect our own intere st we request everybody to use INDIAN products onl y at least for the next two years. With the rise i n petrol prices, if we do not do this, the Rupee w ill devalue further and we will end up paying much more for the same products in the near future. W Buy only products manufactured by WHOLLY INDIAN CO MPANIES. Each individual should become a leader for this awareness. This is the only way to save our country from severe economic crisis. You don't nee d to give-up your lifestyle. You just need to choo se an alternate product.Daily products which are COLD DRINKS,BATHING SOAP ,TOOTH PASTE,TOOTH BRUSH ,SHAVING CREAM,BLADE, TAL CUM POWDER ,MILK POWDER ,SHAMPOO , Food Items etc. all you need to do is buy Indian Goods and Make s ure Indian rupee is not crossing outside India. Every INDIAN product you buy makes a big differenc e. It saves INDIA. Let us take a firm decision tod ay. we are not anti-multinational. we are trying to sa ve our nation. every day is a struggle for a real freedom. we achieved our independence after losing many lives. they died painfully to ensure that we live peacefully.The current trend is very threatening. multinationals call it globalization of indian eco nomy. for indians like you and me, it is re-coloni zation of india. the colonist's left india then. b ut this time, they will make sure they don't make any mistakes. russia, s. korea, mexico – the list is very long!! let us learn from their experience story. let us do the duty of every nally, it's obvious that you can't the items mentioned above. so give item for the sake of our country. and from our hi true indian. Fi give up all of up at least one

The Last Of The Mohicans Essay

The Last Of The Mohicans Essay The Last Of The Mohicans Essay Natty Bumppo: An American Hero Today we name countless heroes, Superman, Batman, and superman are all based off of Natty Bumppo’s heroic character. When creating the film â€Å"The Last Of ThH Mohicans†, James Fenimore Cooper defines the American hero through his depiction of Natty Bumppo. The American hero is a brave, naive, and unsophisticated character of nature. Throughout the film Natty Bumppo, also known as Hawkeye, demonstrates the various traits of an American hero. The numerous traits that were displayed by Bumppo have set the precedent for American heroes of come. Natty Bumppo has had countless encounters with nature throughout the film. Instead of treating the land poorly, Hawkeye respects the land. because he knew that just being one with nature was not enough, he had to fight in order to survive. Finding the right balance was key and later became his claim to heroism. On the other hand, Major Hewyard means well but does not understand the landscape whic h ends up hurting him in the long run. These are the main contrasting values of Britain and America. In addition, Natty did not have to adapt to this lifestyle like the British would have to. In conclusion, Bumppo loved what he did which in the long run made it easier to succeed. It is evident throughout the film that Natty is exceptionally talented and brave. Whether he was hunting or helping someone out people admired natural talent and bravery. For example, when the Hurons ambushed the British, Natty stayed calm. He knew that showing pain was a weakness. However, by coming off strong he could also become a target, but that did not stopped him. He walked right into his enemies territory to help save Cora. When he arrived he kept walking event though he suffered a hit after hit from the Hurons. When he sees Cora Munro suffering he states â€Å"Let the children of the dead Colonel Munro go free and take the fire out of the English anger over the murder of their helpless ones.† (Mann).In this part of the film, Bumppo and Cora are in love and Natty was willing to do anything to save her. Clearly, the measures he went through for Cora were extraordinary. All of Natty’s actions can be used to show his virtues of, dedication and bravery. Natty Bumppo is naive and unaffected by the corrupt civilization around him. In the beginning of the film, when Natty was fighting he was unaware of what was going on. However as the film went on, Natty did what ever it took to save Cora Munro. For example, he went onto the Huron’s land, killed numerous people, and risked his own life countless amounts of times. Going

Free Essays on Franz Berwald

Franz Adolf Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald was born in Stockholm on July 23, 1796. He was the son of a German violinist in the royal orchestra, named Christian Friedrich Georg Berwald. For the most part, Franz taught himself, but he did study music with his father and composition with J.B.E Dupuy. At the age of sixteen, Berwald was employed in the court orchestra as a violinist. During his break from the court orchestra, Franz was inspired to publish his own Musikalsk journal. The journal contained easy piano pieces and songs for the amateur market. The lack of enthusiasm in his home country for his highly original and bold style provoked Berwald to leave Sweden to try and make a career abroad. Following a tour of Norway, he spent time studying in Berlin, where his opera Estrella di Soria was performed. They were even less receptive to the radicalism of Berwald’s music than Stockholm. He almost gave up on composition in order to run a successful orthopedic institute. Franz then lived for a period in Vienna, where he began seriously composing again. He married in 1841 to Mathilde Scherer. His works were staged to increasingly supportive audiences. In 1842, he wrote a symphony, Sinfonie sà ©rieuse. This was the only one of his symphonies that he saw performed in his lifetime. On his return to Sweden in 1845, the Royal Opera's did a production of his operetta Modehandlerskan. It was a failure. Nonetheless, Berwald persevered and produced three more symphonies, including Sinfonie capricieuse and Sinfonie singulià ©re. The latter in particular, which has only three movements instead of the usual four, reveals his skill as an orchestrator, and is perhaps his finest work. Berwald spent a further three years traveling in Europe, where he met with varying degrees of success. In Paris neither the Conservatoire nor the Opà ©ra-Comique showed interest, but in Vienna he did see a performance of his opera Ein Landliches Verlo... Free Essays on Franz Berwald Free Essays on Franz Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald Franz Adolf Berwald was born in Stockholm on July 23, 1796. He was the son of a German violinist in the royal orchestra, named Christian Friedrich Georg Berwald. For the most part, Franz taught himself, but he did study music with his father and composition with J.B.E Dupuy. At the age of sixteen, Berwald was employed in the court orchestra as a violinist. During his break from the court orchestra, Franz was inspired to publish his own Musikalsk journal. The journal contained easy piano pieces and songs for the amateur market. The lack of enthusiasm in his home country for his highly original and bold style provoked Berwald to leave Sweden to try and make a career abroad. Following a tour of Norway, he spent time studying in Berlin, where his opera Estrella di Soria was performed. They were even less receptive to the radicalism of Berwald’s music than Stockholm. He almost gave up on composition in order to run a successful orthopedic institute. Franz then lived for a period in Vienna, where he began seriously composing again. He married in 1841 to Mathilde Scherer. His works were staged to increasingly supportive audiences. In 1842, he wrote a symphony, Sinfonie sà ©rieuse. This was the only one of his symphonies that he saw performed in his lifetime. On his return to Sweden in 1845, the Royal Opera's did a production of his operetta Modehandlerskan. It was a failure. Nonetheless, Berwald persevered and produced three more symphonies, including Sinfonie capricieuse and Sinfonie singulià ©re. The latter in particular, which has only three movements instead of the usual four, reveals his skill as an orchestrator, and is perhaps his finest work. Berwald spent a further three years traveling in Europe, where he met with varying degrees of success. In Paris neither the Conservatoire nor the Opà ©ra-Comique showed interest, but in Vienna he did see a performance of his opera Ein Landliches Verlo...

6th Grade Science Fair Projects

6th Grade Science Fair Projects Ideas for 6th-grade science fair projects can be a challenge to conceive. Projects need to be sophisticated and elaborate enough to show complex thinking but not so complex that they would be impossible for a sixth-grader to execute. These are topics and experiments suitable for upper-grade school or entry-level middle school. General Project Ideas The ideas in this section and the following one are phrased as questions because that is generally how schools require sixth-grade students to announce their projects, as a question, or hypothesis, to be tested and answered. What types of fruits or vegetables are suitable for making a battery?Which apps run down a cell phone battery most quickly or use up a lot of data. This is a good project for making attractive graphs.How much paper is required to register for school? Can you propose a way to streamline the process to make it more environmentally friendly? Would this process save time or money?What exactly does a vacuum cleaner pick up? Use a magnifying glass or microscope to look at the contents of a bag or canister. What types of material are not picked up?Does coloring carbonated water change how its taste is perceived?How long does it take for milk to go bad refrigerated and unrefrigerated? What about juice?Do all crayons have the same melting points? Why or why not?Do different types of carbonated sodas have different pH? Do you think this can affect tooth decay?What types of fruits, vegetables, and flowers can be used to make a pH indicator? Make some indicator solution, write up a protocol, and test home chemicals to explore the color range of your solution. Can you tell different brands of soda pop apart based on taste?Do some plants grow better inside than outside? More Complex Projects The projects in this section tend to be slightly more complex than those suggested in the previous section. They are still appropriate for sixth-grade science fair projects but may take more steps and/or time to execute. What type of air freshener makes a school bus smell best to the greatest number of students?Which type of water contains the lowest amount of chlorine?What type of insulation holds in heat the best?Do different types of knots affect the breaking strength of a rope?Does wiping a doorknob with an antibacterial wipe really reduce the numbers of bacteria? Does using hand sanitizer really reduce the amount of bacteria on your hands?How do different flame retardants affect the flammability and burning rate of cotton?Which cooking method results in the least loss of vitamin C?Does temperature affect the maximum size you can inflate a balloon?Does the color of a crayon affect how long of a line it will write?Does changing the temperature affect how long a pen will last?Do all types of bread mold at the same rate? Tips and Hints By the sixth grade, students should have a good understanding of the steps of the scientific method. The best science fair project ideas will be ones with a hypothesis that is tested by an experiment. Then, the student decides whether to accept or reject the hypothesis and draws a conclusion. This is also a good grade level for presenting data in graphs and charts. Parents and teachers need to understand that sixth-graders still need help with ideas, especially finding ideas that use materials that are readily available and that can be completed within the allotted time frame. One way to come up with a good idea is to look around the house and find topics a sixth-grader may have questions about. Brainstorm these questions and find ones that can be written as a testable hypothesis.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE - Language in Theory and Practice Essay - 1

ENGLISH LANGUAGE - Language in Theory and Practice - Essay Example Advertising thus resorts into subtle messaging to obtain attention, develop interest, and stimulate desire for the thing being advertised (Proctor, Proctor & Papasolomou-Doukakis, 2002:32). The Citizen print ad contains multimedia texts – written words, pictures of champion skier Chemmy Alcott dressed in ski attire and holding her skis, and a close-up of the model of Citizen Eco-Drive, the watch being promoted. In boldface capital letters is the word UNSTOPPABLE appears twice on the page. Metaphor is described as â€Å"a rhetorical style of comparing two dissimilar objects, so that the characteristic of one object is transferred to the other.† In this advertisement, visual metaphor was used to effect visual persuasion (Miller, Hadjimarcou, & Miciak, 2000:60). In the ad, the visual metaphor is created between the skier and the watch, both facing the viewer frontally. The watch is unstoppable because it relies on an inexhaustible energy supply. Inexhaustible energy is likewise implicitly attributed to Chemmy Alcott as a matter of character. Furthermore, vector analysis enhanced by close-up shot identifies her direct stare at the viewer as a â€Å"demand† that also personally challenges the audience’s belief and behaviour. Here, â€Å"genderization† is depicted no as attribute â€Å"but as a relation of power and a process by which gender structures are created, reinforced and/or transformed† (Norlander, 2000 in Lidestav & Sjà ¶lander, 2007:352). Chemmy Alcott is depicted as the consummate athlete, a field dominated by men. The reference is clearly gender based, as women in sports are a rarity. For women, the construct â€Å"unstoppable† means that even if social norms tried to stop her, she would not. She does not detract from her femininity, however, which is why her watch is studded with 30 diamonds, â€Å"a girl’s best friend†, and with a subtle Mother-of-Pearl color, an

Weekly reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Weekly reflection - Essay Example Therefore, the goals of anyone who is studying business will be to be able to make viable decisions either as an employee, employer, or a manager in a business organization. Studying business enables someone to be of contribution to the economic growth and development of a country. My expectations at the beginning of this unit were that I would be able to understand the most important aspects of business operation and management. However, after going through this subject I am surprised that I was able to know more than I ever expected. Initially I used to imagine that business was all about the process of selling and buying. I never paid much attention to the external factors that might be of effect to the buying and selling processes. I was surprised to come to the realization that there are some underlying factors that influence day-to-day business activities. During the lectures I was able to develop some level of appreciation towards my lecturer and classmates. The lecturer would come and make sure that he explained every detail of the week’s coverage frequently giving us a chance to seek clarification. I would have trouble understanding some of the terms at the beginning, but was able to get conversant with them as time went by. The modules were of high help because they helped me in understanding some of the concepts that I might have not been able to understand in class. The modules sourced from MyBecket also proved to be high importance in understanding the subject. Business can be described as a way of dealing with scarcity. Given the fact that scarcity is a common problem, societies have to find ways through which they can deal with the problem. Business as a process involves inputs being transformed into outputs that are capable of satisfying the wants and needs of consumers. Inputs include things such as land, labour, materials, technology, finance, managerial skills, and many

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Memo - Essay Example Before joining ISU for my bachelor’s program, I had managed to garner some achievements in my young career life. Among the achievements I have garnered thus far, two stand out as the most memorable. The first achievement was receiving ‘Best Intern’ award during my time at ABC electronic company after graduating from high school. This award came after the hard work and drive I put in completing my tasks in a timely manner at the organization to the point where I got recognized by the staff and selected for the award. This award is of note as I had only interned at the organization for six months!! The second accomplishment was receiving a ‘best science fair project’ under a physics science fair held at my high school. This award helped to reaffirm my belief that I was destined to be great in the field of science. Before moving over to the US, I worked at a mining company in South Africa—Broadmill Mining. I was tasked as an electrical engineer intern where my responsibilities revolved around developing economic feasibility studies, researching on electrical systems at mining sites, and assisting with reporting on the various stages of project development. My abilities to multi-task, working around schedules, and being flexible were greatly tested and proven during this period. Individuals and organizations are nothing without the communities they serve in and serve for. It is for this reason that I am always passionate about community service and the overall giving back to the society whenever and however possible. I have been lucky to serve in organizations that are cognizant of upholding community service values. As an intern at ABC electronic Company I got involved with the organization’s ‘building green’ campaign for their community service. This campaign ensured everyone who worked at the organization would undertake tree planting during the weekends at various communal sites pinpointed by the organization

Concert Attendance Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Concert Attendance Report - Assignment Example Classical at the Freight brought some of the best classical musicians of the Bay Area. I spent the hour listening to outstanding chamber music in an atmosphere that was quite friendly and informal. The musicians were seated on the stage in a semi-circle carrying different musical instruments. The bands musical instruments included violin and cello. One man played both English horn and oboe simultaneously. Wooden paneling rising vertically from the floor to the Freight & Salvage Coffee House board made the background and created a very sophisticated and peaceful environment. Peter Lemberg is SFCO principal oboist. He came to the Freight with this friskily plangent musical program for the English horn and strings. Together with All-Stars of SFCO, Peter performed the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Jean Francaix. One of the songs performed by the band was â€Å"Quatuor (1971): 1. Allegro vivace by David Juritz, Rebecca Knight†. There was a lot of variety in the music. The structure of the music was soft and smooth and had a good flow. The purpose of the music was to create an atmosphere of comfort and light joy. The tempo of the song was allegro. The volume was reasonably loud to make it audible to the entire audience. The song had a soft and smooth rhythm and the melody was sweet. The first thing that came to my mind to hear such sweet melody was Tom & Jerry Cartoons. We often hear such music played in the background in the mouse and cat chase. The song belongs to the era few decades ago, but its sweet melody and energy makes it relevant to t he audience even today. I was very excited at the concert because it had occurred more as a surprise to me since I had not planned to go there originally. I listened to the music very attentively because my friends had praised this band a lot. I wanted to know why were they such big fans of the band. I enjoyed the concert because I witnessed the perfection and extreme talent of the

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) Essay

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) - Essay Example Analyzing the translations of the French version of Tristan and Iseult, one can see that there were two main versions from the French poets of the twentieth century: Beroul and Thomas. These two versions differ in their presentation, style and in some of the scenes, though the theme and the plot were still the same. â€Å"Berouls romance was considered to be the uncourtly version, because it was less refined, and some of the scenes and the behaviors of the characters were brutal at times†¦On the other hand, Thomas wrote courtly version of the romance. Thomas was much more interested in the inner thoughts of the characters† (Joe, 1999). It makes clear the fact that there are differences between these two French versions. The reader/audience can feel the driving force which is yearning for union beyond the restrictions of time, physical passion and their own separate material existence while going through Tristan and Isolde. Through their death, lovers achieved the realization of divine love. In other words, through the world of divine love they receive the status of immortality. Death is presented as a great opportunity to reach the state of oneness forever. Iseult embraces death with full passion and she joins her lover in a mystical background. In the old stories the lovers were buried on the side of a chapel and believed to be regained life with self realization. Wagner, in his opera, demonstrates the events with necessary improvisations and as a result reader can see the historical elements of Western ideologies and principles about love and death is presented clearly in Tristan and Iseult. Wagner’s work underlines the fact that the story discusses serious sociological and psychological layers. The human relation (love between Tristan and Iseult) explores the elements of a great symphonic texture. Merging of the lovers is a perfect example of the

Sexual Violence in Government and Politics Essay

Sexual Violence in Government and Politics - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  politics governs the world since most of the policies used to implement the law and order are as a result of political ramifications. However, politics goes beyond the formulation of rules and laws that are used as a benchmark to govern societies. State have their foreign policies that regulate the extent to which they engage with other global allies. In the twenty-first century, sexual violence has become a tool for creating a compromise between opposing groups in the case of political conflicts. For instance, if a conflict ensues between two opposing sides of the government one may kidnap some members of the community’s particularly women and girls to exploit them sexually as an act of provocation to compromise the other group to come to consensus.This essay highlights that  sexual violence is thriving in governments, but most of the cases go unreported since their perpetrators threaten the victims because of the influence they command. It is a common phenomenon in most governments that people have to part with sexual favors in order to receive certain services from government officials. For instance, if one is looking for a job in a government agency, the bosses often demand sexual favors in return for the job. In essence, it is a kind of a barter exchange that occurs, but that result because the victims find themselves in a compromising situation in which they either give in to the demands or else they miss the opportunity, benefits or service that they were to receive.  

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) Essay

French Literature in Translation (Tristan and Iseult) - Essay Example Analyzing the translations of the French version of Tristan and Iseult, one can see that there were two main versions from the French poets of the twentieth century: Beroul and Thomas. These two versions differ in their presentation, style and in some of the scenes, though the theme and the plot were still the same. â€Å"Berouls romance was considered to be the uncourtly version, because it was less refined, and some of the scenes and the behaviors of the characters were brutal at times†¦On the other hand, Thomas wrote courtly version of the romance. Thomas was much more interested in the inner thoughts of the characters† (Joe, 1999). It makes clear the fact that there are differences between these two French versions. The reader/audience can feel the driving force which is yearning for union beyond the restrictions of time, physical passion and their own separate material existence while going through Tristan and Isolde. Through their death, lovers achieved the realization of divine love. In other words, through the world of divine love they receive the status of immortality. Death is presented as a great opportunity to reach the state of oneness forever. Iseult embraces death with full passion and she joins her lover in a mystical background. In the old stories the lovers were buried on the side of a chapel and believed to be regained life with self realization. Wagner, in his opera, demonstrates the events with necessary improvisations and as a result reader can see the historical elements of Western ideologies and principles about love and death is presented clearly in Tristan and Iseult. Wagner’s work underlines the fact that the story discusses serious sociological and psychological layers. The human relation (love between Tristan and Iseult) explores the elements of a great symphonic texture. Merging of the lovers is a perfect example of the

The ideas of marriage and roles of women Essay Example for Free

The ideas of marriage and roles of women Essay The ideas of marriage and roles of women are very dosely linked. Compare the portrayal of marriage and representation of women in the three texts studied. I am going to discuss, in this essay, the ideas of marriage and the roles of women at the times the three texts were set in, I shall also talk about how these marriages and roles are similar in the texts. To compare the portrayal of marriage and representation of women the three texts that were studied Stench of Kerosene, which was a short story written by Amrita Pritam. Stench of Kerosene was about a young Sikh married woman, called Guleri, who could not bear children and how society viewed and dealt with her due to this. It is a story of how she is seen as an outcast to the family so much so that the mother then brings a new wife into the household; to try to replace the old one; this then leads Guleri to suicide. The other texts studied were a short story in epistolary form called The Three Sisters and a novel called Pride and Prejudice. These two stories were both written by Jane Austen and both have very similar storylines. The Three Sisters is about a girl called Mary who receives a proposal from a very wealthy man, Mr Watts. Mary however finds Mr Watts to be extremely disagreeable and does not know whether to marry him or not. Similarly Pride and Prejudice is about a mother, Mrs Bennet, and her struggles of getting her children married to wealthy men. They both show societys views of women and how women themselves view marriage and their roles. All three texts show a good indication of how society portrayed women at that time. Stench of Kerosene was written in 1927 and was set in a small rural village in Punjab. It was originally written in Punjabi but was only translated in the 1960s. This story was more tragic that the other two stories as one of the main characters, Guleri, commit suicide. The way that Guleri kills herself is very tragic and shocking, as she seemed like a very happy and loved character. She kills herself by soaking herself in kerosene and setting herself alit. The reason behind Pritam putting this in is because she wanted to change how society viewed and treated women. In the story the society Guleri lived in and their expectations of her were strongly to blame for the outcome of the story. In the Sikh religion both men and women are seen as equal in the religious scriptures. However although Sikh women have right within the scriptures many of the scriptures are up to individual interpretation. Most men see the women are their possessions and therefore many men see it acceptable to have more than one wife, as Manaks mother did, regardless of what their present wife may think. There are many reasons to why men may take a second wife, the most common among the Sikh community at that time was because having more than one wife would increase the wealth of a man due to the brides family giving the husband a gift when the marriage was secure. This was known as a dowry. Men also married a second wife to produce an heir if their first wife was unable as it was the case in Stench of Kerosene. The story hints that the main reason behind Guleri committing suicide and the mother wanting Manak to have a second wife was that Guleri could not have children. Manaks mother role in society then was to bring up her children well and then to find a good daughter in law who could have children and carry on the family name. She was very narrow-minded and did what society expected of her. She felt that her decision for bringing a new wife into the family was justified, as that was what society expected her to do. She had fulfilled her role and the expectation that society had put upon her and now she wanted a daughter in law who would do the same. The mother was brought up and guided by the expectations of society and she felt that if she had gone against what society had expected of her then she would have ultimately become an outcast as society would have seen it as her not fulfilling her role as a mother. Guleri on the other hand, did not see it as Manaks mother fulfilling her role, but saw her interference as a punishment for not being able to fulfil expectations put on her by society. In the Sikh religion babies are of great importance and their birth is rejoiced by the family. The birth of a baby is seen as strengthening the stability of the marriage and ensuring the continuance of the family line. If a woman in the Sikh religion is unable to have children then she is unable to inherit land or money from her husband when he dies. They are seen as outcasts as they are not able to produce an heir. This meant that bearing children was an essential role of a Sikh woman and Guleri was unable to fulfil the role she was expected to and as a result Guleri was made to feel like a complete outcast by society. A wife in the Sikh religion has two main roles they are to have children and to look after her family. Guleri could not fulfil all of her duties and was disregarded and seen as an outcast by her family and society, she was seen as damaged. The new wife probably made Guleri feel as though she was damaged goods and so she was replaced by a new and working model. When Guleri heard of the second wife she felt let down by her husband and like he had abandoned her because she could not have a child. She felt as though she was indebted to suffer for her inadequacies. She felt lonely and unloved as if she was impure and saw the only way out as death. The symbolism behind Guleris death highlights the violence of it compared to the Sikh idea of death as being like sleep. The way that Guleri chose to kill herself created a dramatic and shocking effect and was seen as primal and more painful. It symbolised how much pain emotionally that Guleri was in. When Manak heard what had happened to Guleri he was mute with pain. Manak could be seen as a coward and a fool for not being stronger and for not standing up to his mother when she told him about getting a new wife, but it can be seen as not all being Manaks fault as he was brought up traditionally. He new his role as a man and a husband that was to be a loyal husband and to find a wife who would produce an heir to the family. He was taught to respect and obey his parents. Manak wanted to retort, you are a woman; why dont you cry like one for a change! But he remained silent. However if Manak had gone against what his mother wanted then he too would have become an outcast to society for going against his elders and not fulfilling his role as a man. The new wife however was probably made to feel like an outcast by Manak, as he knew that no one could ever replace Guleri. But by his mother the new wife fit in with the family, as she got pregnant quickly. The mother said at one point that she had spent five hundred rupees on the new wife, and this was probably a lot of money in those days, which suggests that some women married for money. This is similar in Pride and Prejudice as charlotte Lucas married Mr Collins because of his money. And also in The Three Sisters, Mary chooses to marry Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. This shows that the societies these stories are in are completely materialistic. Prtiam shows that the roles of women are completely dominated by men and society. It would be correct to say that if societys beliefs had not been so enforced upon women then Manak and Guleris marriage would have survived. I believe this as Sikh women have only three main concerns in life and they are to get married and have children, to look their families well and to get their children married off to good and wealthy families. This circle would therefore be enforced on many more generations to come and the main reason being is to have children. Stench of Kerosene had political reasons for it being published. Pritam saw that society needed to be changed and this story showed why and how women felt about was a stereotypical role of a Sikh woman was. The tone in which Pritam wrote this story was very serious and is not humorous at all, unlike Pride and Prejudice. She made it a serious story as Pritam felt very strongly about how women were portrayed and how they were rejected by society if they were unable to perform the roles that were expected of them. She wrote the story as a narrative and because of this we can see how Pritam feels about certain the roles of women. She uses objects to symbolise the characters emotions. She used the flute to tell us how Manak felt about Guleri leaving. Then putting the flute to his lips, blew a strange anguished wail. He expresses how he feels through the way he plays his flute, as he is unable to say it in words. Pritam gives us a more visual and better understanding of the point that she wants to put across, by using emotive language, for example: Manak, mute with pain, could only stare and feel his own life burning out. It gives us a more realistic feeling of the story and allows us to see just how devastated Manak is. We can tell that he is completely destroyed and will never get over what Guleri did. This is put across more clearly at the end when Manaks child is born and when he holds him for the first time, he is not the happy and joyous father that one would expect but instead he, he shrieked hysterically, Take him away! He stinks of kerosene. His reaction to his new child seems as though he feel guilty and somewhat responsible about what happened to Guleri. We can tell that what to Guleri did not only affect Manak but also the whole family, as the new wife will never be loved by Manak and nor will the new child as he will always be a constant reminder to Manak of something that he could never have with Guleri and the reason for her death. He will also always be very resentful towards his mother as she took away the one person he loved in the whole world with no thought to the consequences, and most of all Manak will probably never be able to forgive himself. There was a lot of pressure on women in those days to have children if they did not have children the women would be rejected by society and most just wanted to fit in. If Guleri had tolerated Manak having a second wife and gone back to live with the family despite this she would probably have been rejected. The Three Sisters was not published until quite awhile after it was written, in 1792. This story was set in London. The Three Sisters show that marriage was one of the only concerns of women in the 18th and 19th centuries. In Jane Austens time marriage was more or less then only way out of the parental house. There was no real way for women to be on their own or to have independence in those days. There were no professional jobs open to women and the few that there were, such as being a governess, were not very highly regarded, and either did not pay well or had very poor working conditions. Pride and Prejudice and the Three Sisters show this well as both Mrs Bennet, the mother in Pride and Prejudice, and Mrs Stanhope, the mother in The Three Sisters, main concern was to get all their children married. how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them. For I am determined not to let such an opportunity escape of settling one of my Daughters do advantageously. In The Three Sisters the arrangement of marriage is portrayed like prostitution, in that the way Mrs Stanhope is haggling over the price for Mary, and tries to get as much pin money for Mary from Mr Watts as she can. Remember the pin money: two hundred a year. A hundred and seventy five madam. Two hundred indeed, Sir. Said my mother. Mrs Stanhope also seems as though she is pimping her other daughter in case Mr Watt does not like or want Mary. In The Three Sisters the only factor Mrs Stanhope takes into account and uses to form her opinion of Mr Watts is how wealthy he is. In this way Mrs Stanhope and Mrs Bennet are very similar as she too forms an opinion by how wealthy a man is. A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! She is determined to have Mr Watts as part of her family as he was a good man to know. In Mrs Stanhopes opinion the reason that Mr Watts wanted to marry Mary was because he wishes to be allied to the family and the way for a man to become allied with a family was to marry one of the daughters. This applied very much in Mr Watts case he did not care which daughter he married. Mrs Stanhope also wanted to be allied to Mr Watts as he had a higher status in society than she did and if one of her daughters married him then their familys status would also go higher. This is a similar situation to Pride and Prejudice as Mrs Bennet wanted Mr Collins to be allied with the family as he was quite a wealthy man and when Mr Collins proposed to Elizabeth Mrs Bennet put a lot of pressure on her to say yes by telling Elizabeth: Yes, or I will never see her again. Mrs Stanhopes main role as a mother and in story was to have children, make sure they are taken care of well, look after their husbands and run the home. Mrs Stanhope has a lot of power in this story as she is the one who decides which daughter shall get married and to whom. She could force one of her daughters to get married and they could not say no as it would be disrespectful to their mother. She exercises her power over her daughters when Mary is still trying to make up her mind over marry Mr Watts, by telling Mary that if she does not marry Mr Watts then Georgiana must. Mary is shown as I very materialistic and indecisive young girl. She marries Mr Watts because he is a very wealthy man. In letter one Mary tells us that she says Mr Watts is: He is extremely disagreeable and I hate him more than any body else in the world. Mary chooses to marry Mr Watts as sees it as a way of getting a higher status in society than the rest of her family. Which shows that she is similar to Lydia in Pride and Prejudice, as it seems as though she only married Mr Wickham to get a higher status than her family. Mrs Stanhope could easily push Mary into marring Mr Watts as Mary had made it very clear that she had wanted to get married before any of her sisters. I could not bear to have either of them married before me. Marys main role in society is to look after her husband and to have children to carry on the family. This is very similar to the society and the expectation of women in Stench of Kerosene. It is very clear that Mary has a one-track mind in that she is very unidealistic and feels as though Mr Watts should be grateful that she has accepted his proposal. She does not believe in marrying for love and thinks that if one of the couple loves the other then there is no need for the other to love them back. when there is so much love on one side, there is no occasion for it on the other. The Three Sisters is serious, formal and shows a harsher portrayal of women. However it is quite humorous in places compared to Stench of Kerosene. It was written when Austen was only a teenager when she wrote it and she was probably entering the marriage market herself. The characters in the story were probably someone that Austen could relate to as she herself was a teenager and was having similar problems as her characters were. Austen could relate to her characters and she often hid her views and thoughts behind her characters humour and fictional style writing. The story was quite controversial as it told us what women were like and how they really felt about issues then, but society was not interested about these things. Society looked down on anyone that was seen to speak up for women and were thought of and seen as abnormal, and their name and reputation was often destroyed. Austen wrote the story in a letter form as it allows us to see the reaction of characters better as it is they who are describing how they feel and what they think. It also allows us to get to know the characters better however not as well as in Pride and Prejudice. The main difference between these two stories is that Pride and Prejudice focuss more the reasons for getting married and the consequences of actions that women took. `Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813 and was set in Longbourne in Hertfordshire. Mrs Bennet is a stereotypical middle class woman in those days. She is materialistic, over dramatic and a gossip. These characteristics are portrayed in an exaggerated way. When we first meet Mrs Bennet we can see that she is a gossip. My dear, you must know, Mrs long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from north of England; Mrs Bennet appears to be a similar character to Mrs Stanhope, all she wants is for all her daughters to be married and taken care of. Her main role is to take care of her family and make she that her children get married. In Pride and Prejudice the men hold most of the power and this is shown many occasions in the Bennet household by Mr Bennet. An unhappy alterative is before you, Elizabeth. From this you must be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do. It is clear that Mr Bennet did not marry Mrs Bennet for love. We can assume that Mr Bennet probably only proposed to Mrs Bennet because as a young lady she was very pretty and that he probably never knew what she was like. He puts up with by not taking her seriously. Because of the way that Mr Bennet treats his wife their children have grown up not taking their mother seriously and not having much respect for her. This shows most of all in Elizabeth by the way she acts around her mother. Elizabeth is strong minded and a very opinionative young lady. She is also her fathers favourite daughter and often gives him advice, which he rarely takes. Elizabeth does not believe in getting married for love and does not think she would get married. Lydia on the other hand was exactly like her mother. She was emotional, immature, she does not think but acts on impulses, which nearly brings her to ruins. Lydia would cross all the boundaries and broke all the codes that society had set for women, this was shown when Lydia runs off with Mr Wickham and she does not think of the affect it would have on her family or the distress it may cause them. As it was not expectable behaviour to run off and elope. Society looked down on it and it suggested that she had bad upbringing as she was disrespecting her parents by eloping. However in those days it was very important for a woman to get married, as that is what society expected of them. Unmarried women were a great burden to their families as they would have to live with their families or with family approved protectors, as it was unheard of for an unmarried woman to live by herself. Jane Austen, herself was a dependant as she was unmarried and was forced to live with relatives. Mary in Pride and Prejudice knew she would not get married as she was not as pretty as her other sisters so she concentrated on music and learning. Marriage to women then was not all about getting away from their parents but was one of the only ways in which women could gain financial security. By marring, women were entitled to an allotment of money each year, called pin money. This money was to be spent as she wished but not for household necessities. However an unmarried woman would and could only inherit money form her family if she had no brothers as they lived on a patriarchy society, in which men hold the power and women were largely excluded from. In Pride and Prejudice and The Three Sisters, they both seem to be set in a patriarchy society as the men hold the power in both the stories. However in Stench of Kerosene the mother holds the most power in the story, which is unusual. The women that Austen wrote about were showed as foolish, materialistic, gossips and were only concerned about how other familys saw them and who the would get married to. These characteristics are different to the way that Pritam portrays women in her story she shows them as innocent, loving, obedient, and respectful to their family and husband, as Guleri shows when she fell in love with Manak. If you want me go and ask my father for my hand. Pride and Prejudice was more humorous than The Three Sisters was, it took a more satirical approach rather than political one to get its points across. Austen blamed the traditions of society through the humour of her characters. All three stories allow us to see that the roles of women have been the same over the centuries and that they are not changing very much in a hurry. They allow us to that men have always held a very powerful role in the home and the way in which a woman is brought is depending on how society expects them to act. Society have always judged women and enforced their rules and boundaries upon them. If those rules are broken they are looked down upon and would be ultimately be outcast them.

Lactose Intolerance: Causes, Types and Management

Lactose Intolerance: Causes, Types and Management Western scientists established by the 1940s that milk was good for you. As a glass of cows milk was set for everyone at the table doctors were receiving discouraging reports that some of the patients were not able to digest the milk. (Dunn, R. 2011) Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. Lactose intolerance (LI) is the inability or inadequate ability to digest lactose. (Kennedy, K., 2010) Cells of the inner lumen of the small intestines, enterocytes, are covered with a membrane that has a brush border made up of microvilli. The microvilli produce lactase, the enzyme that splits and hydrolyze dietary lactose into glucose and galactose for transport across the cell membrane. Lactase is produced in the upper, most shallow section of the villi, which is easy to damage by secondary insult. Lactase breaks down lactose into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. (Thorn, A., 2010). If the lactase enzymes are lacking, unabsorbed sugars osmotically attract fluid into the bowel lumen. The amount of fluid influx into the bowel is about triple the normal amount, based on the osmolality of sugar alone. In addition, the unabsorbed lactose entering the colon is fermented by bacteria, producing gas and resulting in the cleavage of lactose into monosaccharides. Monosaccharides cannot be absorbed by the colonic mucosa; as a result, osmotic pressure increases, and fluid levels rise in the bowel. (Thorn, A., 2010). The result of the rising fluid levels would be in about 30 minutes to 2 hours you might experience flatulence, stomach cramps, nausea, bloating of the abdomen, and/or diarrhea. Symptoms may vary from person to person, and people can tolerate differing amounts of foods containing lactose. That is mainly why LI is a very misunderstood condition as there are no really positive criteria for diagnosis. (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance., 2005). 30 million US adults may be affected by lactose intolerance to some degree by age 20, older patients are predominantly susceptible. It is estimated that about 70% of the world population is affected by LIwith excessive variation among ethnicities and races. Some degree of LI is reported in up to 80% of African-Americans and Latinos, and almost 100% of Native Americans and Asian Americans. LI is least common in people of northern European descent (and is unlikely to develop before adulthood). Most mammalian babies, counting human infants, produce enough lactase to digest milk, including breast milk. This ability continues until the child is weaned. In humans, lactase activity descents at age 2 to 3 years and may cease completely by age 5 to 10. Worldwide, most humans lose 90% to 95% of birth lactase levels by early childhood, with a continuing decline during the course of a lifetime. This may help explain why many elderly people are affected by LI. (Thorn, A., 2010) Two of the main types of lactose malabsoption are primary and secondary. Primary lactase deficiency is the most common form. It is the normal, ongoing reduction in lactase enzyme that an ageing individual experiences, and the rate of decline is genetically determined. (Thorn, A. 2010). Researchers have identified a possible genetic link to primary lactase deficiency. Some people inherit a gene from their parents that makes it likely they will develop primary lactase deficiency. This discovery may be useful in developing future genetic tests to identify people at risk for lactose intolerance. (Matus, J., 2003). Secondary lactose malabsorption is normally temporary and occurs following a weakening of the mucous membrane of the small intestine (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance. 2005). The weakening can be caused by severe diarrhea, infection (eg, rotavirus), chemotherapy, or acute gastroenteritis. In these situations, lactase is the first enzyme to be harmfully affected and the last to return as the insult resolves. Secondary hypolactasia is transient and reversible. (Thorn, A., 2010). It can last from approximately one week to four weeks after recovery from a severe bout of gastrointestinal infection. (American Psychological Assoc. Lactose intolerance., 2005). Young babies (infants) and children suffering from such an infection or from malnutrition are particularly vulnerable to this secondary deficiency of lactose enzyme. Other causes could be coeliac disease, by an allergy to cows milk, by certain drugs (such as antibiotics) and by gastrointestinal surgery. (Matus, J., 2003). Infants born prematurely are more likely to have lactase deficiency because an infants lactase levels do not increase until the third trimester of pregnancy. (Matus, J. 2003, December). 50% of children will outgrow an allergy to milk protein by one year of age, 75% by two years and 90% by three years. Less than 1% of children suffer from a lifelong milk allergy. (Kennedy, K., 2010) LI is not considered life threatening, but its symptoms can severely affect a persons quality of life and productivity. In addition to ethnicity and age, the type and amount of lactose ingested and the amount that the patient is unable to digest all affect the severity of LI symptoms. (From the pharmacy, 2008) Not all people with lactase deficiency have digestive symptoms, but those who do may have LI. Most people with LI can tolerate some amount of lactose in their diet. LI can be difficult to diagnose by symptoms alone; physicians may need to run tests for proper diagnosis. There are two tests that doctors will usually use to measure the digestion of lactose. One is the Hydrogen Breath Test where the person drinks a lactose-loaded beverage and then the breath is examined at regular interludes to measure the amount of hydrogen. Undigested lactose produces high levels of hydrogen, normally; very little hydrogen is detectable in the breath. The second is a Stool Acidity Test. The stool acidity test is used for infants and young children to measure the amount of acid in the stool. Undigested lactose creates lactic acid and other fatty acids that can be discovered in a stool sample. Glucose may also be present in the stool as a result of undigested lactose. (NIH, 2009) Lactose is also used in some prescription medicines, including birth control pills, and over-the-counter medicines like products to treat stomach acid and gas. Usually only the people with severe LI will have symptoms caused by these medications. (From the pharmacy, 2008). People who suffer from LI should be concerned with getting enough calcium and vitamin D in their diet. Calcium is needed for strong bones, to prevent osteoporosis. There are many alternative foods and lactose free milk products available today to get the proper nutrients and calcium the body needs. Because lactose intolerance is unusual in infants and children younger than 2, a health professional should take special care in determining the cause of a childs digestive symptoms. (NIH Publication, 2009) Although the bodys ability to produce lactase cannot be changed, the symptoms of lactose intolerance can be managed with dietary changes. Slowly introducing small amounts of milk or milk products may help some people adapt to them with fewer symptoms. Most of the time people find they can tolerate milk or milk products better by taking them with meals. (Thorn, A. 2010) Israeli researchers did a study of 66 LI people and discovered that they got less than the 700 mg of calcium a day. That is almost half the recommended 1000 to 1200 mg for healthy bone building. When scans were done they were also found to have thinning bones and to be at risk for osteoporosis and fractures.(NIH, 2009) People, who even after switching their diet, are still having symptoms can take over-the-counter lactase enzyme drops or tablets. Taking a few drops of the liquid enzyme may make the milk products more tolerable to consume for people with LI. (From the pharmacy, 2008)

Freedom :: American America History

Freedom In the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass written by Fredrick Douglass, he and the rest of the slaves in 1840 had to be tricky to survive. Douglass used trickery to his advantage and made it into a positive action, freedom. Douglass went through many hardships and disturbing ordeals. He witnessed his younger brother get his head bashed in, that in it self is horrific enough. He overheard Mr. Auld, one of his masters, telling Mrs. Auld that it was unsafe to teach a slave to read (Douglass 42). Douglass took this as motivation and strove to learn to read and write. Douglass's next master was Edward Covey, a well-known slave breaker, for a year. Covey was very tricky. He would pretend to ride into town, then walk back and sneak up on the slaves as to scare and deceive them. One day, after a severe beating by Covey, (Douglass 86) Douglass ran for refuge for one night from a slave named Sandy Jenkins. Jenkins believed that a certain root had magical powers and told Douglass that if he wore it on his right side no white man could beat him (Douglass 90). He returned the next day wearing the root, and to his surprise, Covey did not beat him for a time. A few days later, Covey tried to tie him up for a beating. Douglass fought back and after a two-hour struggle, Covey gave up. Since Covey did not want to ruin his reputation as a slave breaker, he never sent Douglass to the authorities to be punished for hitting a white man. Douglass used Covey's own reputation against him and tricked him into never crossing and punishing him again. When Douglass's year was over with Covey, he went to live with Mr. Freeland. Freeland became his new master and had two slaves. A little while after Douglass came to live there, he sparked interest in the others and began to teach them to read and write in Sabbath school. "It was understood among all who came, that there must be as little display about it as possible." (Douglass 103) Douglass managed to teach many, whom might suffer up to nine lashes for leaving their plantation (Douglass 104). The religious masters thought the slaves were spending the Sabbath in wrestling, boxing or drinking whisky, when all along they were learning to read and write. Freedom :: American America History Freedom In the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass written by Fredrick Douglass, he and the rest of the slaves in 1840 had to be tricky to survive. Douglass used trickery to his advantage and made it into a positive action, freedom. Douglass went through many hardships and disturbing ordeals. He witnessed his younger brother get his head bashed in, that in it self is horrific enough. He overheard Mr. Auld, one of his masters, telling Mrs. Auld that it was unsafe to teach a slave to read (Douglass 42). Douglass took this as motivation and strove to learn to read and write. Douglass's next master was Edward Covey, a well-known slave breaker, for a year. Covey was very tricky. He would pretend to ride into town, then walk back and sneak up on the slaves as to scare and deceive them. One day, after a severe beating by Covey, (Douglass 86) Douglass ran for refuge for one night from a slave named Sandy Jenkins. Jenkins believed that a certain root had magical powers and told Douglass that if he wore it on his right side no white man could beat him (Douglass 90). He returned the next day wearing the root, and to his surprise, Covey did not beat him for a time. A few days later, Covey tried to tie him up for a beating. Douglass fought back and after a two-hour struggle, Covey gave up. Since Covey did not want to ruin his reputation as a slave breaker, he never sent Douglass to the authorities to be punished for hitting a white man. Douglass used Covey's own reputation against him and tricked him into never crossing and punishing him again. When Douglass's year was over with Covey, he went to live with Mr. Freeland. Freeland became his new master and had two slaves. A little while after Douglass came to live there, he sparked interest in the others and began to teach them to read and write in Sabbath school. "It was understood among all who came, that there must be as little display about it as possible." (Douglass 103) Douglass managed to teach many, whom might suffer up to nine lashes for leaving their plantation (Douglass 104). The religious masters thought the slaves were spending the Sabbath in wrestling, boxing or drinking whisky, when all along they were learning to read and write.

Customer Empowerment Essay -- Economics

Customer Empowerment The Choice is Yours The Internet has permanently changed the relationship between consumers and the retail industry. Electronic commerce has provided consumers with more options, more alternatives and more opportunities than ever before. Consumers are no longer limited to physically visiting "main street" or "big-box" retailers. Instead, they are able to choose from products and services from companies large and small, located all over the world, without leaving their homes. Tangible points of comparison between retailers, which now can be automatically aggregated by software buying agents in seconds, include more than selection and price. Shipping costs, return policies, privacy practices and personalization of products are examples of tangible points of comparison. Equally as important are intangible points of comparison, specifically the customer experience. Everything from the look and feel of the home page to the shopping and buying process defines this experience. It encompasses everything the customer sees, clicks, reads, or otherwise interacts with. The customer experience is the key to dotcom survival. Consider the options available at the Land's End Web site. Consumers can browse the catalog online or shop with a friend, speak with a customer representative on the phone or online, create a model to try on clothes virtually, ask questions about specific products, place an order and track past orders. Concern over the customer experience has clearly driven the design of the Land's End business model, creating numerous options unavailable in the physical world. Of course, this overlooks the most powerful and fundamental option to consumers on the Internet: the ability to leave one store and enter another within seconds. And if a satisfactory purchase cannot be made, online auctions provide alternative shopping venues that directly compete with many traditional retailers. Central to the creation of a positive, unique and personalized shopping experience are technologies employed to remember customer preferences. Tracked preferences help expedite, and sometimes fully automate, the shopping process while offering targeted marketing and discounts. Online chat, bulletin boards, user reviews, auction sites, consumer feedback, online help and other customer-oriented features are als... ...e the price was just too high (because of the pricing error). I asked him if he could change it and he said no. He also knew that they would be throwing out the oranges soon if they didn’t sell. His frustration in not being able to correct such an obvious problem in his own department was evident. The Lesson. I tell these two contrasting stories because they relate directly to customer satisfaction and profitability as a function of employee empowerment. Two good grocery chains with two very different approaches to management. At Fresh Fields, every employee is aware of his or her impact on profit and is empowered to take independent action to maximize it. The decision to give two expensive cookies to a customer is not an insignificant decision. It is a business decision that may influence the relationship between a store and its customer. Unfortunately, it is a decision that most employees in traditionally managed organizations have no authority to make. My hope is that these two examples will clearly show how customers and profits can be won or lost when employees are enabled to take ownership of day-to-day problems. Once again, it just makes sense.

Dumex Web Site

The Danone Dumex Web site located at is the online presence of Dumex (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.. , a Malaysian health food company operating since 1958. The Web site serves as a company brochure and features company news, the company's products, tips on various health-related topics like nutrition, advice, and child development, as well as health news and recipes. Strengths The site is presented in a clutter free way. It's easy to see what the whole site has to offer, so the user does not get lost.The content also allows for returning visitors, or visitors who go back to the site for updates and new information. The New This Month, and Featured This Month section, not only encourages returning visitors, it also highlights the things that they haven't seen since their last visit, so that they won't have to go through material they've seen before. Also, the site can be navigated easily. The menu bar at the left side of the page points the user to various areas of the Web site, from news, to recipes, to the company's products, to medical advice, etc.It's all there, near each other. The site encourages more user participation and interactivity with its contests. It provides the user with a meaningful experience by featuring user photographs, writings, experiences and advise. On the company side, it allows them to build a reputation and image of being an expert on health issues. By featuring health experts' advice and opinion, along with health-related news, they are positioning themselves in a way that they can be trusted with one's health. The site also offers a display case for all their products.Content-wise, the site features news and information that is valued highly by its target market. Since the product is for babies and pregnant mothers, their content is geared towards issues related to pregnancy and children. This makes it a one-stop resource for their customers, further consolidating their brand and company image. Weakness As a healthcare-related Web site, th e site should include language warning users that the site might have insufficient advice and implores users to seek further medical attention or to see their doctor.The disclaimer would put the user's best interest in mind specially if he's really sick, or have a condition that might need individual care. An example is the site's pregnancy teaser on the home page which says â€Å"Pregnant? Don't forget to exercise†. Colette Bouchez at WebMD writes that although exercise during pregnancy is not only recommended, it also have certain benefits for both mother and baby, the mother should be aware of some warning signs like vaginal discharges and bleeding, and stop exercising. This caution is not on the Dumex home page.As such, it is highly probable that while material on the site might have been checked and is reliable, it might adversely affect some people who follows medical, nutritional advise without consulting their doctors. Also, while the site has its products online, the re is no way to order their products on the site. * * * As a consumer, I need to be sure of what I'm purchasing. It has to give me value for my money. It has to deliver its promises. For me, I want to be an informed consumer, price is only secondary.Web sites like Dumex provides me with the necessary information that I would not normally see in other forms of advertisements. A good Web site should let me know about the product, for me to know its benefits, potential threats and how it fares against the competition. And I don't have to leave home to do it, it's all, literally, at the tips of my fingers. Aside from information, good product Web sites offer their customers other related information. That would keep me informed of the things I need to be aware of.In the case of Dumex, it also tells me how their products would fit my needs. Lastly, Web sites offer the convenience of purchasing at home, which would give me more time to do other more important things, and other perks like avoiding the long lines at the supermarket or horrendous traffic. Effects of IT Employment. Information technology makes it easier to do the tasks that would have been more difficult and time consuming without it, a prime example of which is the use of the word processor instead of the manual typewriter.According to Michael Handel at the SRI Institute, however, automation using I. T. may lead to unemployment. If you have computers that run certain processes or monitor certain activities running, then you don't need to hire somebody to do that for you (Handel, 2003). Privacy and Individuality. Information technology is also changing the way we live. With the advent of social networking sites like Friendster, Myspace and countless of others, it has been easier to find new friends and maintain relationships and contact (Dwyer, 2007) .IT, while making it easier to buy products and services and have them delivered to your doorstep without leaving your home, like a book from Amazon. Com, also raised privacy issues like hackers gaining access to your credit card information, or personal data. Even one's behavior patterns on the World Wide Web, like the sites being accessed, and the amount of time being spent on a particular site can be monitored. Co-workers, hackers, and family members may have their own personal motivation now have access to illicit computer programs to get such information from one's computer.(Rittenhouse, 2004). Computer Crimes. Computer crimes are on the rise and it may involved the unauthorized use of a computer (stealing passwords, or accessing another's computer via a backdoor program); spreading malicious computer programs like trojan, virii and worms; or an online version of stalking and harassment. The underlying premise is that computer crimes are done by people who lack respect for property and privacy of other people (Standler, 2002). Ironically, computer crimes are also being battled via I. T.Various Web sites have come up with online p rivacy tools, virus detection and deletion programs, tips on how to detect illicit computer activities, among others. Societal Solutions. One of the most widespread and easily-seen effect of I. T. on society is the way people get their news nowadays. Before, people have to rely on rumors and the next morning's papers, and eventually, the evening broadcast and breaking news on T. V. The thing is, people have to wait before they get the news. Now, all they have to do is to log on to various news Web sites to get the latest happenings, on a wider variety of topics.They can get news from Somalia, or news on the latest Britney happening. The problem with this is that there tends to be a lot of wrong news coming from unverified sources. An example of which comes from the the Virginia Polytech Institute and State University shooting a year ago. At that time, many students, checked out sites on the Internet, like Fark. Com, Facebook. Com and other social networking sites to get information on the shooting. But then, it happened that one unnamed student became suspected as the gunman when his own Facebook. Com profile showed pictures of him and his gun collection.The student became the subject of death threats, and hate campaign, until news came out that the real gunman was shot dead and the unnamed student's identity was verified (IDG News Service, 2007). Health Issues. Speaking of misinformation, the World Wide Web is full of it. While the Web has made it easier to obtain information on various topics like what to do when you're pregnant, how to make bombs, how to cook the best lambchops, it would be wise to check the reliability of the information presented first. Make sure that the site, or the writer of the article is authoritative on the subject matter.Take special care when it comes to one's health. As in the case of Dumex's Web site, take all information presented there with a grain of salt and a word of caution. While healthcare advice is plentiful on the Web, it might be best to consult one's physician if you're sick. Leslie Teach at Emory University puts it succinctly when she says that previously health-related videos, books, brochures were tediously edited and reviewed before released to the public, and that's not happening with Web sites. Health improvement, disease prevention, and information about diseases are the primary health-related information that are being accessed.Teach gives a number of criterion for evaluating health-related Web sites, including: ? a clearly stated purpose of the site; ? no evident bias; ? the site is not a disguised advertisement; ? all aspects of the subject are adequately taken up; ? the site provides accurate information, with documented sources. * * * Information technology is here to stay. In fact, the widespread and pervasiveness of this technology has made so many profound effects on our daily lives that it has become a part of our culture, and our psyche. As with other advances, it has its drawb acks.But the simple truth is, the benefits outweighs the dangers. And the disadvantages can be easily fought, with a little awareness, knowledge and a critical mind, one can be safe. References Bouchez, Colette. (2007). Exercise During Pregnancy: Myth Vs. Fact. WebMD. Com. Retrieved on 18 April 2008. Danone Dumex Web page. (2008). Retrieved on 18 April 2008. Dwyer, Cathy. (2007). Digital Relationships in the MySpace Generation: Results From aQualitative Study. Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2007. Retrieved on 16 April 2008. Handel, Michael J. (2003). Complex Picture of Information Technology and Employment Emerges. SRI International. Retrieved on 18 April 2008. Rittenhouse, David. (2004). Information Technology Abuse — Privacy Issues. Retrieved on18 April 2008. Standler, Ronald. (2002). Computer Crime. Retrieved on 18 April 2008. Teach, Leslie. Evaluating Health-related Web Sites. Emory University. Retrieved on 18 Apr il 2008. Virginia Tech shooting shows benefits, pitfalls of social networking sites. (2007). IDG News Service. Retrieved on 19 April 2008.

Flipped Classroom Essay

A flipped classroom turn upside down is a personalized and interaction time of the whole class. Teachers and students should be engaged along the process. Modifications are always a way of improving and making it a better learning environment for all. Ask Yourself: How to do you prepare to flip your class? After reading contexts, watching web broadcasts and taking an overview of lessons. Educators can start by eliminating long lectures of instructions, wasteful worksheets and journals. We can replace them with the use of iteration, partnering and sharing and practice. Let’s take a look at iteration: Remember writing the Anticipatory Set on the board and getting students to answer. Well remember time wasn’t one your side to get all feedback from your students: To get the attention of your audience, well through iteration, you can text, post short videos, or FB the Goal and send it to all the students in class. After this, you would normally put The Do Now assignment on a SmartBoard or on the overhead projector. Well the partnering stage fits in when you allow the feedback from your students’ response. They also get to see other student comments while they are posting. This is a form of blogging. You can also suggest picture uploading on the assignment or sharing a short you-tube video that restates the topic and other suggestions. Hey did I mention during this time they are sharing information and partnering while they are browsing other comments or suggestions from their peers. Flipped classrooms are not just the using of technology. We are cutting down the time of elaborating of boring teacher lectures, eye contact, reading boring books that the teacher handpicked for the classroom. The Pros about flipped classrooms. 1. The students are taking responsibility for their own learning through collaboration with their own peers. If you are allow the public to view, your class is learning from others who either implemented the lesson and can get a whole perspective from others around the world. 2. The teacher gets instant responses on creation of lessons. This allows others to either give constructive criticism or modified ways on lesson taught. Again feedback is a way on improving the lesson and including different styles on new platforms or applications. 3. Absenteeism, Not a problem for the students at home. They can easily join in at the time allowed for the postings. Remember, it is not a 45 minute class to them at home. They have time to catch up on discussions and also give their feedback without missing the assignment. Remember in the students’ frame of mind, NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND! Finally, Dates and postings are always there for clarity. The content is permanent and archived for review or remediation. Remember you eliminate the need for â€Å"What did you say? † or â€Å"I don’t remember that you said it†. This is the future a place where all your students are learning at their pace.

Dehumanization: Marxism and Modern Era Essay

Dehumanization is the process of stripping away or denying other’s access to basic human qualities or rights. An ideal society would be free of this inequality, however, during the modern era, encouraged by capitalism and free competition, it is difficult to maintain complete equality and fairness. In fact, three books from the reading list, Marx’s Communist Manifesto, Sumner’s essay, What the Social Classes Owe to Each Other, and Primo Levi’s tale of Survival at Auschwitz, truly illustrate how difficult ideas and cultural values of the era make it to eliminate dehumanization. Although, the situations presented in each of the book are very different, they mainly deal with the loss or diminishment of four basic human qualities: the natural value in being human, the uniqueness of the individual, the freedom to act and make decisions, and the equality of status. This paper will analyze not only how these qualities were diminished in each of the cases in the m odern era but also look to see if dehumanization was resisted. Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx, attempts to explain the goals of Communism as well as the theories underlying this movement. It argues that class struggle, or the exploitation of one class by another, have been occurring for generations. Marx quotes, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society [has been] the history of class struggles† (79). Class relationships are defined by an era’s means of production. However, However, eventually these relationships cease to be compatible with the developing forces of production. At this point, a revolution occurs and a new class emerges as the ruling one. Specifically, the Modern industrial era is characterized by the class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie consisted of employers of laborers or the owners of the means of production. The proletariat represented the wage laborers and they were dehumanized. In fact, the bourgeoisie violated all four of the main human qualities list ed in the introduction. Firs, the fact that there was an economically based class system indicated inequality in status. Second, since the bourgeoisie class employed the proletariat thereby controlling the action and decision of the lower class. Third, the bourgeoisie in he modern era clumped the entire proletariat class together and considered them mere laborers, Fourth, Marx believed that wage laborers working with machinery dehumanized the worker. Human values were diminished since laboring class could be easily replaced by machinery in some instances for more efficiency. Any one of these violations alone can stand as mere inequality; however, when many more of these violations get stacked, inequality becomes a form of dehumanization. Therefore, as production demand increased, the exploitation by the bourgeoisie class of the proletariat class increased. Eventually, this would anger the proletariat class enough to start a revolution and overthrow the bourgeoisie. Marx wrote, â€Å"[The bourgeoisie] is unfit to rule because it is incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery, because it cannot help letting him sink into such a state, that it has to feed him, instead of being fed by him. Society can no longer live under this bourgeoisie, in other words, its existence is no longer compatible with society† (93). This uprising would be the Proletariat’s form of resistance against dehumanization. However, unlike previous revolution, where powers simply shifted from one class to another, Marx predicts that class will be eliminated altogether and a truly equal and fair state would emerge. Readers can’t help but feel skeptical while reading Marx’s theory due to the â€Å"dictators† present in current day communist countries. However, it is important to know that these current day communist countries only got influenced by Marx’s ideal but did no fully carry out his theoretical society. What the Social Classes Owe to Each Other William Graham Sumner was influenced by Social Darwinists and argued in his writing that helping the poor would only interfere with laws of nature and slow down evolutionary progression. In fact, Sumner argued that a â€Å"poor† or a â€Å"weak† person were merely lazy and they did not exist. Therefore Sumner wrote, â€Å"A maudlin impulse to prolong the lives of the unfit stands in the way of this beneficent purging of the social organism† (45). He would further defend about not giving by writing, â€Å"we all owe to each other good-will, mutual respect, and mutual guarantees of liberty and security. Beyond this nothing can be affirmed as a duty of one group to another in a free state† (49). In addition, he believed that if was unfair how â€Å"if the rich, comfortable, prosperous, virtuous, respectable, educated, and healthy cannot make everybody else as well off as themselves, they are to be brought down to the same misery as others† (62). In another words, Sumner did not think it was fair how the rich were expected to help the poor, and if not was possibly penalized. Unlike the Marx’s Manifesto, the opposing classes are not clearly defined. However, it is still assumed from Sumner’s writing that Sumner values some life over another. For example, when he writes, â€Å"society is constantly excreting its unhealthy, imbecile, slow, vacillating, faithless members to leave room for the deserving† (45). With this remark, and many others similar to it, Sumner dehumanizes people who did not succeed. While, a positive message is being sent by Sumner in a way by encouraging citizens to work hard, Sumner is inconsiderate of those who like the proletariats, have no control over their life due to greedy overbearing employers. The only option that Sumner gives to resist the dehumanization is to keep working hard and do not accept defeat. Survival at Auschwitz Many have heard the accounts of the holocaust before in history class or in other books on the subject; however Levi truly does an excellent job giving the readers detailed glimpse into what it really is like to go from being a free human being, then being stripped down to nothing. His intention for the book was not â€Å"to formulate new accusations [but] rather to furnish documentation for a quiet study of certain aspects of the human mind† (9). This book demonstrates dehumanization at its worst. It was established in the introduction that often times Men and women were treated like animals while getting dehumanized. Yet, the people at Auschwitz were actually getting treated worse than livestock. This is because with livestock at least they were somewhat cared for before they were killed, and even if they weren’t they were killed to serve a higher purpose. On the other hand, the prisoners at the concentration camps were starved, killed, and then deserted. Unlike the other two books, this book contains so much elements of dehumanization that no amount of pages would be enough to capture it all; however, it is important to draw from this book also how people have truly used every inch of their will power to try and maintain their self-value. How did the prisoners resist the urge to admit defeat and continue resist dehumanization? How did they when even â€Å"ordinary moral world† (86) like â€Å"good,† and â€Å"evil begin to get mixed up and the differences between these opposites became unclear? Levi present a man in his story, who may have been physically reduced but who is an insane man and â€Å"a survivor, the most adaptable, the human type most suited to this way of living† (97). Portrayed by this insane man, Elias is a strong message that morals and self-value can adapt and survive even in the most extreme situation. Conclusion Based on the scenarios presented by the three books, and personal understanding of dehumanization, I believe it cannot be absent in modern era society. The degree to which dehumanization can occur is extremely varied, and while we can hope and wait for it to merely pass by, it is better to act. Try to resist dehumanization as much as can, as Levi’s character Elias demonstrated, with strong will power and determination, there are so much we can achieve. Perhaps, while we may not be able to eliminate several factors of unfairness or inequality, we can still treat people with respect and at least eliminate dehumanization.